ADHD and ADD are both common acronyms for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. The current diagnostic criteria of the DSM-5 defines three types of ADHD: 1) the inattentive presentation; 2) the hyperactive-impulsive type; and 3) the combined type. ADHD is characterized by disrupted attention span and focus and bursts of hyperactivity. ADHD can often involve problems with executive functioning as well. Executive functions refer to the group of brain activities and neurological activities that make it possible for us to perform numerous tasks like focusing, organizing our thoughts, understanding our environment, and accessing short-term memory. When the mind fails to effectively control this group of functions, an individual’s safety, health, and productivity can all falter, making it difficult to lead a fulfilling life. Problems can be evident in school, at home, and socially.
When Should You Schedule an Evaluation for Your Child?
Children who are experiencing symptoms of ADHD often struggle in school and exhibit behavioral challenges related to the impairment of their executive functioning. If you suspect that your child might be experiencing the symptoms of ADHD, the first step you should consider is assessment.
Some symptoms of ADHD you which might warrant assessment include (but are not limited to):
- Struggles to pay attention across settings (home, work, school, and social interactions)
- Struggles to maintain attention and remember details if uninterested or the subject is taxing
- Struggles to control impulses, interrupting people, failing to complete tasks, and anger or mood issues
- Excessive energy, hyperactivity, fidgeting, very talkative
- Described as being “constantly in motion”
- Difficulty establishing and maintaining friendships
It is important to remember that all people, but particularly young children, exhibit some ADHD warning signs. It is not just normal, but expected for a young child to get distracted from time to time, or to experience bursts of energy/restlessness. These behaviors do not necessarily mean that your child will be diagnosed with ADHD. When the problems are disruptive to daily functioning, an assessment should be considered.
What Does ADHD Testing for Children Look Like?
There are a variety of other disorders that have symptoms that mimic or overlap those of ADHD. Thus, to rule out other causes, a full testing battery is completed. This battery is specific to the situation but may include some of the following.
One of the most common tools we use to test specifically for ADHD is the continuous performance test (or the CPT). The CPT evaluates the child’s ability to sort through information for relevant details and stay focused on a particular task. It is administered via computer and measures focus, patience, and task management.
Parents will be interviewed and asked to provide us with a great deal of information about the child to help us make the most accurate assessment possible. It is important to get information about medical, developmental, social, school, and home histories. This helps us as we look for comorbidities and in ruling out other causes for the behaviors/symptoms. Any educational reports or previous testing your child has completed with educators, teachers, or counselors, will be important to provide to help us contextualize your child’s symptoms and needs.
Rating scales for to be completed by parents, teacher, and the child (when possible) will be assigned. These allow behaviors of the child to be compared to norms based on age.
Cognitive and academic testing may also be administered. If you are interested in learning more about ADHD testing for your child or would like to schedule an appointment at our office in Fort Collins, CO, contact us today!